{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"CL","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/chile","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"7524246d60af6e2b2621e4a0697840db9eaadabbbdceb5b60716cd1af6e66efe","notes":"Independent source review of all six Argentina, Chile and Brazil topics, 31 facts and 18 registered authorities. Opened the actual operative primary texts, using direct public HTTP where the web reader failed; downloaded and visually inspected Chile's scanned Ordinary Ruling 214 and read the relevant Brazilian IRPF PDF pages. Also read both historical Chilean documents that explain the unresolved anniversary and inbound-renunciation conflicts. Argentina's amended Law 346 and current DNM service support the strict two-year no-exit rule and administrative route; older judicial guidance is explicitly not promoted into current procedure, and language/civic implementation remains unresolved. Verified the current Article 116 text under Law 27802/2026 separately from its adjacent historical edition, departure/cohort qualifications, and Resolution 5855/2026 treaty-document procedure. Chile's residence versus domicile, three-year foreigner concession and treaty-residence exclusion are supported and scoped; unavailable current nationality consolidation is not represented as read. Brazil's indefinite-residence clock, recognised-refugee exception, reduced cohorts and proportional absence limits, language-proof alternatives, publication effect and Amendment 131 publication date are preserved. Corrected the Brazilian manual metadata to version 1.0: the web extraction had joined the following page number to produce a misleading 1.03. Rechecked the clarified definitive-departure tax-return obligation and all changed candidate bytes; the manual's exercise-2026/calendar-2025 scope and legislative-cutoff limitation remain explicit. Approval is for these baseline claims and accurately unresolved outcomes, not exhaustive individual eligibility, tax advice, application availability, constitutional litigation or deployment. No production artifact or application code was edited by this reviewer."},"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"7524246d60af6e2b2621e4a0697840db9eaadabbbdceb5b60716cd1af6e66efe","notes":"Independent source review of all six Argentina, Chile and Brazil topics, 31 facts and 18 registered authorities. Opened the actual operative primary texts, using direct public HTTP where the web reader failed; downloaded and visually inspected Chile's scanned Ordinary Ruling 214 and read the relevant Brazilian IRPF PDF pages. Also read both historical Chilean documents that explain the unresolved anniversary and inbound-renunciation conflicts. Argentina's amended Law 346 and current DNM service support the strict two-year no-exit rule and administrative route; older judicial guidance is explicitly not promoted into current procedure, and language/civic implementation remains unresolved. Verified the current Article 116 text under Law 27802/2026 separately from its adjacent historical edition, departure/cohort qualifications, and Resolution 5855/2026 treaty-document procedure. Chile's residence versus domicile, three-year foreigner concession and treaty-residence exclusion are supported and scoped; unavailable current nationality consolidation is not represented as read. Brazil's indefinite-residence clock, recognised-refugee exception, reduced cohorts and proportional absence limits, language-proof alternatives, publication effect and Amendment 131 publication date are preserved. Corrected the Brazilian manual metadata to version 1.0: the web extraction had joined the following page number to produce a misleading 1.03. Rechecked the clarified definitive-departure tax-return obligation and all changed candidate bytes; the manual's exercise-2026/calendar-2025 scope and legislative-cutoff limitation remain explicit. Approval is for these baseline claims and accurately unresolved outcomes, not exhaustive individual eligibility, tax advice, application availability, constitutional litigation or deployment. No production artifact or application code was edited by this reviewer."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"CL","topic":"citizenship","title":"Chile: ordinary naturalisation","summary":"SERMIG's ordinary adult route combines five years of qualifying residence with a currently valid permanent-residence permit, identity and background documents, and economic and tax evidence. Grant is an official decision.","scope":"Ordinary adult carta de Nacionalización without a Chilean-family link, excluding qualified two-year family routes, minors, nationality by option and grants by grace.","jurisdiction":"Chile","routeId":"cl-ordinary-naturalisation","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"top20-cl-cit-residence","label":"Five-year guidance plus current permanent status","text":"SERMIG lists age 18 or older, valid Residencia Definitiva and five or more years residing in Chile. Its clock starts with the electronic stamp for the temporary residence that led to the current permanent status—not five years holding permanent residence.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-nationality-service"],"locator":"¿En qué casos puedo obtener la nacionalidad chilena? — Titular de Residencia Definitiva and stamp footnote","constraint":{"value":5,"unit":"years","basis":"legal_residence","cohort":"SERMIG ordinary adult guidance: qualifying temporary-residence stamp leading to currently valid Residencia Definitiva; precise anniversary and absence questions require confirmation"}},{"id":"top20-cl-cit-identity","label":"Identity and background documentation","text":"Applicants supply passport identity details or an accepted identity/nationality alternative and a legalised or apostilled origin-country criminal-record certificate, translated where needed. A PDI travel certificate substitutes only for the specified applicants who entered as minors and cannot obtain the origin-country record.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-nationality-service"],"locator":"Requisitos — Para personas sin vínculo con chileno — Documentación general, items 1–3"},{"id":"top20-cl-cit-economic","label":"Activity and tax compliance evidence","text":"Current activity in Chile must be documented. Individuals provide SII tax-compliance documentation and a Treasury debt certificate; company partners must also provide the specified documents for each participating company. Supplying evidence does not determine approval.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-nationality-service"],"locator":"Para personas sin vínculo con chileno — Documentación por actividad laboral"},{"id":"top20-cl-cit-application","label":"Apply inside Chile; grant by decree","text":"Applications are submitted through SERMIG's digital portal using ClaveÚnica, and the service is available only from Chile. Nationality is conferred through a ministerial decree by order of the President, not by residence or online submission alone.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["top20-cl-nationality-service"],"locator":"¿Qué es la carta de Nacionalización?; ¿Dónde puedo solicitar la carta de Nacionalización?"},{"id":"top20-cl-cit-retention","label":"Loss of Chilean nationality is a separate issue","text":"Voluntary renunciation of Chilean nationality requires prior acquisition of a foreign nationality. Cancellation of a naturalisation certificate is a separate loss ground. These loss rules do not, by themselves, establish whether an applicant must renounce an existing nationality when becoming Chilean; that inbound issue remains unresolved here.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-nationality-loss"],"locator":"Renuncia a la nacionalidad chilena — constitutional loss grounds under Article 11"},{"id":"top20-cl-cit-language-unresolved","label":"Language and civic standard not established","text":"The reviewed current service does not establish a standardised Spanish-language or civic test, a numeric language level, or test exemptions. This omission is not treated as evidence that no interview, assessment or language requirement can apply.","state":"not_established","sourceIds":["top20-cl-nationality-service"],"locator":"Current ordinary-route requirements and application instructions"}],"limits":["The current statutory portal returned only an application shell. An Interior Ministry archived 2016-version decree says more than five years, whereas current SERMIG guidance says five or more; the exact anniversary boundary and permissible absences are not independently resolved.","Existing-nationality renunciation remains unresolved: an archived decree prints a renunciation clause while an official administrative directory describes naturalisation without renouncing origin nationality. Neither is promoted into a definitive current inbound rule.","The qualified family route has two-year continuous-residence and relationship requirements; it is not the ordinary five-year route. Current processing times, comprehensive disqualifications and individual eligibility are outside this candidate."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"7524246d60af6e2b2621e4a0697840db9eaadabbbdceb5b60716cd1af6e66efe","notes":"Independent source review of all six Argentina, Chile and Brazil topics, 31 facts and 18 registered authorities. Opened the actual operative primary texts, using direct public HTTP where the web reader failed; downloaded and visually inspected Chile's scanned Ordinary Ruling 214 and read the relevant Brazilian IRPF PDF pages. Also read both historical Chilean documents that explain the unresolved anniversary and inbound-renunciation conflicts. Argentina's amended Law 346 and current DNM service support the strict two-year no-exit rule and administrative route; older judicial guidance is explicitly not promoted into current procedure, and language/civic implementation remains unresolved. Verified the current Article 116 text under Law 27802/2026 separately from its adjacent historical edition, departure/cohort qualifications, and Resolution 5855/2026 treaty-document procedure. Chile's residence versus domicile, three-year foreigner concession and treaty-residence exclusion are supported and scoped; unavailable current nationality consolidation is not represented as read. Brazil's indefinite-residence clock, recognised-refugee exception, reduced cohorts and proportional absence limits, language-proof alternatives, publication effect and Amendment 131 publication date are preserved. Corrected the Brazilian manual metadata to version 1.0: the web extraction had joined the following page number to produce a misleading 1.03. Rechecked the clarified definitive-departure tax-return obligation and all changed candidate bytes; the manual's exercise-2026/calendar-2025 scope and legislative-cutoff limitation remain explicit. Approval is for these baseline claims and accurately unresolved outcomes, not exhaustive individual eligibility, tax advice, application availability, constitutional litigation or deployment. No production artifact or application code was edited by this reviewer."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/chile/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"CL","topic":"taxes","title":"Chile: individual tax residence and scope","summary":"Chile distinguishes physical tax residence from domicile. Either can produce worldwide taxation, with a specific initial foreigner concession; non-resident and treaty treatment requires separate classification.","scope":"Baseline personal income-tax residence, domicile and foreign-income scope, not rates, corporate structures, capital-gains computations or an individual ruling request.","jurisdiction":"Chile","facts":[{"id":"top20-cl-tax-days","label":"More than 183 days in twelve months","text":"Tax residence starts on the 184th day of presence in any rolling twelve-month period, consecutive or not. Arrival and departure days count; foreign-to-foreign transit and days wholly abroad do not.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["top20-cl-tax-residence-circular"],"locator":"Circular 63/2021 sections II.1.1.1–1.1.4, pages 1–2","constraint":{"value":184,"unit":"days","basis":"physical_presence","withinYears":1,"cohort":"Individual tax-residence presence test in any rolling twelve months; qualifying entry/exit days included, transit excluded"}},{"id":"top20-cl-tax-domicile","label":"Domicile can apply before the day test","text":"Domicile combines residence with an actual or presumed intention to remain, evaluated with economic connections. It can begin on entry. Losing physical residence does not itself end domicile, especially where the principal business base remains directly or indirectly in Chile.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-tax-residence-circular"],"locator":"Circular 63/2021 sections II.1.2 and II.2.1–2.4, pages 2–3"},{"id":"top20-cl-tax-income-scope","label":"Worldwide versus Chilean-source income","text":"Subject to statutory exceptions, residents or domiciliaries are taxed on worldwide income; people with neither status are taxed on Chilean-source income. Source includes Chilean-situated assets and activities carried out in Chile, regardless of the taxpayer's domicile or residence.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-tax-scope-ruling","top20-cl-foreign-taxpayer-faq"],"locator":"Ruling 214/2025 paragraphs quoting Income Tax Act Articles 3 and 10; 2026 foreign-taxpayer FAQ"},{"id":"top20-cl-tax-new-foreigner","label":"Initial three-year foreigner concession","text":"A foreigner establishing Chilean residence or domicile initially pays only on Chilean-source income for three years from entry. The Regional Director may extend that period in qualifying cases. After it or an approved extension expires, worldwide income is covered.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-tax-scope-ruling","top20-cl-foreign-taxpayer-faq","top20-cl-tax-residence-circular"],"locator":"Ruling 214/2025 quotation of Article 3(2); FAQ updated 8 April 2026; Circular 63/2021 section II.3.1"},{"id":"top20-cl-tax-treaty","label":"Treaty residence and the initial concession","text":"Applicable treaties use tie-breakers when both countries treat someone as resident. SII states that a foreigner taxed only on Chilean-source income during the initial three years is not a Chilean resident for treaty purposes during that period. Treaty protection must not be assumed from domestic residence alone.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-cl-tax-residence-circular"],"locator":"Circular 63/2021 section II.4, page 5"}],"limits":["The three-year rule applies to foreigners, not automatically to returning Chilean nationals. It does not exempt Chilean-source earnings or establish an extension without a decision.","Treaty-specific exceptions, foreign-tax credits, departure filings and income-category rules require separate checks; no blanket treaty relief or remittance-based exemption is inferred."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"7524246d60af6e2b2621e4a0697840db9eaadabbbdceb5b60716cd1af6e66efe","notes":"Independent source review of all six Argentina, Chile and Brazil topics, 31 facts and 18 registered authorities. Opened the actual operative primary texts, using direct public HTTP where the web reader failed; downloaded and visually inspected Chile's scanned Ordinary Ruling 214 and read the relevant Brazilian IRPF PDF pages. Also read both historical Chilean documents that explain the unresolved anniversary and inbound-renunciation conflicts. Argentina's amended Law 346 and current DNM service support the strict two-year no-exit rule and administrative route; older judicial guidance is explicitly not promoted into current procedure, and language/civic implementation remains unresolved. Verified the current Article 116 text under Law 27802/2026 separately from its adjacent historical edition, departure/cohort qualifications, and Resolution 5855/2026 treaty-document procedure. Chile's residence versus domicile, three-year foreigner concession and treaty-residence exclusion are supported and scoped; unavailable current nationality consolidation is not represented as read. Brazil's indefinite-residence clock, recognised-refugee exception, reduced cohorts and proportional absence limits, language-proof alternatives, publication effect and Amendment 131 publication date are preserved. Corrected the Brazilian manual metadata to version 1.0: the web extraction had joined the following page number to produce a misleading 1.03. Rechecked the clarified definitive-departure tax-return obligation and all changed candidate bytes; the manual's exercise-2026/calendar-2025 scope and legislative-cutoff limitation remain explicit. Approval is for these baseline claims and accurately unresolved outcomes, not exhaustive individual eligibility, tax advice, application availability, constitutional litigation or deployment. No production artifact or application code was edited by this reviewer."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/chile/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"top20-cl-nationality-service","publisher":"Chile, Servicio Nacional de Migraciones","title":"Nacionalidad, updated 22 December 2025","url":"https://serviciomigraciones.cl/nacionalidad/","language":"es","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-cl-nationality-loss","publisher":"Consulate General of Chile in Amsterdam","title":"Renuncia a la nacionalidad chilena","url":"https://www.chile.gob.cl/amsterdam/renuncia-a-la-nacionalidad-chilena","language":"es","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-cl-tax-residence-circular","publisher":"Chile, Servicio de Impuestos Internos","title":"Circular 63 of 25 November 2021: tax residence and domicile","url":"https://www.sii.cl/normativa_legislacion/circulares/2021/circu63.pdf","language":"es","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-cl-foreign-taxpayer-faq","publisher":"Chile, Servicio de Impuestos Internos","title":"Tax obligations of foreigners domiciled or resident in Chile, updated 8 April 2026","url":"https://www.sii.cl/preguntas_frecuentes/declaracion_renta/001_140_1219.htm","language":"es","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-cl-tax-scope-ruling","publisher":"Chile, Servicio de Impuestos Internos, La Serena Regional Directorate","title":"Ordinary ruling 214 of 23 December 2025: foreign individual establishing residence in 2026","url":"https://www.sii.cl/documentos/normativa_ddrr/2025/la_serena/ordinario214_80785.pdf","language":"es","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"CL","providerEntityCode":"CHL","providerEntityName":"Chile","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.878,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"CL","providerEntityCode":"CHL","providerEntityName":"Chile","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":81.359,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}