{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"FI","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/finland","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"590b251138606d4e36688ef85c65fbc9780a9174a72d7151657c06b2979952fa","notes":"Independent source review approved four bounded topics, 26 facts and 23 sources. Every cited authority was opened and the relevant actual text read, including KLRI bodies via their content endpoints and current Korean national-law article bodies. The original mixed-edition KLRI two-column provenance was rejected: corrected sources identify the available December 2025 Act and February 2026 Decree English reference editions, while Korean Act Articles 1-2 and 3 and Decree Articles 2 and 4 effective 1 July 2026 support current residence, counting and income-scope propositions. The newest English version menus/history-only shells were not accepted as substantive proof. Korean naturalisation retains separate five-year qualifying residence and permanent-status conditions, assessment and interview exceptions, ministerial decision, acquisition formalities and qualified renunciation duties. Korean tax residence is not a nationality or calendar-year day-count shortcut; the five-in-ten foreign-source remittance proviso remains limited to foreign nationals, and nonresident source obligations and treaty scope remain qualified. Finland retains eight-year default versus five-year language-compliant residence, permit credits and absence conditions, expressly sourced YKI grade 3/B1 proof, decision-date livelihood assessment, transition and exemption qualifications, and the future 2027 civic-knowledge cohort rather than a current test. Finnish home/stay residence, citizenship-linked departure presumption, foreign-income relief and the separate foreign-wage six-month rule are not conflated. This approves the exact candidate bytes and stated ordinary-route/personal-tax baseline only, not comprehensive legal coverage, individual eligibility, visa evidence, integration or deployment."},"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"590b251138606d4e36688ef85c65fbc9780a9174a72d7151657c06b2979952fa","notes":"Independent source review approved four bounded topics, 26 facts and 23 sources. Every cited authority was opened and the relevant actual text read, including KLRI bodies via their content endpoints and current Korean national-law article bodies. The original mixed-edition KLRI two-column provenance was rejected: corrected sources identify the available December 2025 Act and February 2026 Decree English reference editions, while Korean Act Articles 1-2 and 3 and Decree Articles 2 and 4 effective 1 July 2026 support current residence, counting and income-scope propositions. The newest English version menus/history-only shells were not accepted as substantive proof. Korean naturalisation retains separate five-year qualifying residence and permanent-status conditions, assessment and interview exceptions, ministerial decision, acquisition formalities and qualified renunciation duties. Korean tax residence is not a nationality or calendar-year day-count shortcut; the five-in-ten foreign-source remittance proviso remains limited to foreign nationals, and nonresident source obligations and treaty scope remain qualified. Finland retains eight-year default versus five-year language-compliant residence, permit credits and absence conditions, expressly sourced YKI grade 3/B1 proof, decision-date livelihood assessment, transition and exemption qualifications, and the future 2027 civic-knowledge cohort rather than a current test. Finnish home/stay residence, citizenship-linked departure presumption, foreign-income relief and the separate foreign-wage six-month rule are not conflated. This approves the exact candidate bytes and stated ordinary-route/personal-tax baseline only, not comprehensive legal coverage, individual eligibility, visa evidence, integration or deployment."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"FI","topic":"citizenship","title":"Finnish citizenship by naturalisation","summary":"Finland's current adult application route has an eight-year default residence period, reduced to five years for applicants meeting the language requirement. Lawful residence, absence limits, livelihood and integrity conditions apply; a future civic-knowledge rule is separate from the requirements applying in September 2026.","scope":"Ordinary adult citizenship application under the rules for applications submitted on or after 17 December 2025; Nordic, spouse, declaration and other exceptional cohorts are not the selected baseline.","jurisdiction":"Finland","routeId":"top20-fi-adult-naturalisation","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"top20-fi-adult-eligibility","label":"Adult application and personal conditions","text":"Adult applicants must be at least 18, have a reliably established identity, live in Finland and be in Finland when applying. Integrity and payment obligations also apply, including taxes, fines and child maintenance; certain minor fines do not prevent citizenship. Apply only after meeting the applicable requirements.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["top20-fi-adults"],"locator":"Citizenship application for adults: opening eligibility and Get ready for applying, requirements 1, 4 and 5"},{"id":"top20-fi-residence-baseline","label":"Eight-year default and five-year language branch","text":"For applications from 1 October 2024, the default is the past eight years in Finland. Meeting the citizenship language requirement reduces this to the past five years. Residence throughout must be lawful. Earlier applications follow the earlier rules; Nordic and other specified cohorts have separate reductions.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-residence","top20-fi-adults"],"locator":"Period of residence: opening requirements and You meet the language skills requirement; adult application requirement 3","constraint":{"value":5,"unit":"years","basis":"legal_residence","cohort":"Applications from 1 October 2024 that meet the citizenship language requirement; eight-year default otherwise, with distinct special-cohort exceptions"},"effectiveFrom":"2024-10-01"},{"id":"top20-fi-residence-status-credit","label":"Permit status and residence credits","text":"With a first A permit, counting starts on arrival if already granted, otherwise on the permit grant. For applicants previously on a B permit, half that earlier residence counts; an A or P permit is required at application and at least one year under A or P before decision. Permit gaps do not count.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-residence"],"locator":"How to calculate the period of residence; first continuous A permit; temporary B permit"},{"id":"top20-fi-absence-limits","label":"Residence abroad and the final year","text":"Counted residence can include 365 days abroad in total, at most 90 during the year immediately before application. Excess days do not count. Departure and return days count as Finnish residence. Five continuous years abroad interrupt the clock and restart counting.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-residence"],"locator":"How does residence outside Finland affect the period of residence?","effectiveFrom":"2024-10-01"},{"id":"top20-fi-language-standard","label":"Finnish or Swedish language evidence","text":"Satisfactory spoken and written Finnish or Swedish is required. Specified sign-language alternatives apply with speech disability or hearing impairment. Accepted proof includes YKI, a satisfactory civil-service oral and written certificate, and qualifying Finnish education. Limited language exceptions can be requested but are rarely granted; obtain the certificate before applying unless seeking an exception.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-language","top20-fi-language-exceptions"],"locator":"Language skills: opening standard and accepted certificates/education; Exceptions to the language skills requirement: introductory conditions"},{"id":"top20-fi-yki-level","label":"YKI level and accepted skill combinations","text":"For the current YKI test, grade 3 or higher must be obtained in an accepted pair: speaking and writing, listening comprehension and writing, or reading comprehension and speaking. Migri expressly equates intermediate grade 3 with CEFR B1. Two certificates may form the pair; tests taken before 2012 have separate rules.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-yki"],"locator":"Proving language skills in the YKI test; accepted combinations A–C; YKI tests completed before 1 January 2012","language":{"framework":"YKI (National Certificate of Language Proficiency); express CEFR correspondence","level":"Grade 3 or higher; intermediate grade 3 corresponds to CEFR B1","skills":["speaking + writing OR listening comprehension + writing OR reading comprehension + speaking"]}},{"id":"top20-fi-livelihood-reform","label":"Livelihood requirement from December 2025","text":"Applications from 17 December 2025 require lawful resources sufficient to live on and no more than three months in total of unemployment benefit or social assistance over the preceding two years, assessed at decision. Relevant household social assistance can include a spouse's benefit. Applicants aged 65 or above are exempt; serious-ground derogations may be possible. Earlier applications retain the earlier rules.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-livelihood","top20-fi-citizenship-faq"],"locator":"Means of support: applications on/after 17 December 2025, spouse and age-65 sections; FAQ: reform transition and Income and livelihood questions 14 and 17","effectiveFrom":"2025-12-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-future-civic-requirement","label":"Future civic-knowledge rule, not a current test","text":"Migri states that the civic-knowledge amendment enters into force on 1 January 2027, but applies only to citizenship applications submitted from 1 March 2027 after transition. For ages 18–64, it can be met through the citizenship test or specified Finnish- or Swedish-language matriculation or higher-education credentials in Finland, subject to limited derogations. It is not a requirement for September 2026 applications.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-citizenship-faq"],"locator":"Amendments at phase 3 of the reform of the Citizenship Act: questions 1–4; statutory commencement versus 1 March 2027 application-cohort transition","effectiveFrom":"2027-01-01"},{"id":"top20-fi-multiple-nationality","label":"Multiple citizenship accepted","text":"Finland accepts multiple citizenship and does not impose a general renunciation requirement when granting Finnish citizenship. This does not determine whether another country permits its nationality to be retained; Finland treats a multiple national with Finnish citizenship as Finnish.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["top20-fi-multiple-citizenship"],"locator":"Finnish citizenship: Multiple citizenship"}],"limits":["Residence is a qualified calculation, not five years of unrestricted physical absence or a guarantee of approval. EU/free-movement, protection, spouse, Nordic and declaration cases require their own clock and conditions.","The YKI framework and permitted skill combinations are stated expressly; language rules for permanent residence permits are not substituted for citizenship rules.","The future civic-knowledge amendment is labelled future and cohort-specific. Implementation materials and test arrangements need rechecking before the 2027 application transition.","No fee, overall acquisition price or processing-time guarantee is supplied."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"590b251138606d4e36688ef85c65fbc9780a9174a72d7151657c06b2979952fa","notes":"Independent source review approved four bounded topics, 26 facts and 23 sources. Every cited authority was opened and the relevant actual text read, including KLRI bodies via their content endpoints and current Korean national-law article bodies. The original mixed-edition KLRI two-column provenance was rejected: corrected sources identify the available December 2025 Act and February 2026 Decree English reference editions, while Korean Act Articles 1-2 and 3 and Decree Articles 2 and 4 effective 1 July 2026 support current residence, counting and income-scope propositions. The newest English version menus/history-only shells were not accepted as substantive proof. Korean naturalisation retains separate five-year qualifying residence and permanent-status conditions, assessment and interview exceptions, ministerial decision, acquisition formalities and qualified renunciation duties. Korean tax residence is not a nationality or calendar-year day-count shortcut; the five-in-ten foreign-source remittance proviso remains limited to foreign nationals, and nonresident source obligations and treaty scope remain qualified. Finland retains eight-year default versus five-year language-compliant residence, permit credits and absence conditions, expressly sourced YKI grade 3/B1 proof, decision-date livelihood assessment, transition and exemption qualifications, and the future 2027 civic-knowledge cohort rather than a current test. Finnish home/stay residence, citizenship-linked departure presumption, foreign-income relief and the separate foreign-wage six-month rule are not conflated. This approves the exact candidate bytes and stated ordinary-route/personal-tax baseline only, not comprehensive legal coverage, individual eligibility, visa evidence, integration or deployment."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/finland/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"FI","topic":"taxes","title":"Finnish individual tax context","summary":"Finnish tax residence generally brings worldwide-income taxation. A Finnish citizen moving abroad normally remains resident for the departure year and three following years unless the conditions for earlier non-residence are established; treaties and income-specific relief can still restrict Finnish taxation.","scope":"Baseline individual income-tax residence, foreign-income and nonresident-source rules, including the citizenship-linked departure presumption; not a personalised calculation or a review of all special occupational regimes.","jurisdiction":"Finland","facts":[{"id":"top20-fi-tax-residence-tests","label":"Main home or continuous stay exceeding six months","text":"An individual is generally resident if their main abode and home are in Finland or their continuous Finnish stay exceeds six months. Temporary absences may not interrupt the stay, and the period can cross calendar years. Exactly six months alone does not satisfy that limb; a Finnish main home can establish residence without that duration.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-tax-residence"],"locator":"Sections 2.1 and 2.3–2.5.1; Income Tax Act sections 9 and 11"},{"id":"top20-fi-tax-worldwide-income","label":"Residents' Finnish and foreign income","text":"Resident individuals are generally liable on income from Finland and abroad. Residence can apply for only part of a year. This baseline is subject to statutory exemptions and treaty limitations, so worldwide scope does not mean every foreign receipt is taxed without relief.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-tax-residence","top20-fi-double-tax-relief"],"locator":"Tax residency guidance section 2.1; double-tax relief guidance sections 1–2"},{"id":"top20-fi-tax-citizen-departure","label":"Finnish citizens' departure-year and three-year rule","text":"A Finnish citizen leaving to live abroad normally remains a Finnish tax resident in the departure year and the following three tax years. Earlier non-residence requires a request and evidence that substantial Finnish ties have ended. The assessment considers the whole situation, including home, spouse, property, social-security, business and work connections; a short planned absence usually leaves residence intact.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-three-year-rule"],"locator":"Finnish citizens and the 3-year rule: introduction; temporary and permanent overseas stays"},{"id":"top20-fi-tax-departure-qualifications","label":"Citizenship does not create perpetual worldwide taxation","text":"Foreign nationals generally cease Finnish residence on departure unless their Finnish home or qualifying stay continues. Finnish citizens generally become nonresident after the three-year period if the residence conditions no longer apply, although stronger continuing ties and specified official overseas assignments can alter the result. Treaty residence is assessed separately from domestic residence.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-tax-residence","top20-fi-nonresident-tax"],"locator":"Tax residency guidance sections 3.1–3.2.2, 4 and 5; nonresident guidance section 1"},{"id":"top20-fi-tax-nonresident-scope","label":"Nonresidents and Finnish-source income","text":"Nonresidents are generally taxed only on Finnish-source income, with additional statutory rules for work on Finnish vessels or aircraft and related pensions. Source rules depend on the income category, and treaties may reduce or remove Finnish taxing rights. Tax at source or assessment procedures vary by income type.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-nonresident-tax"],"locator":"Section 1: Income Tax Act sections 9, 10 and 13; nonresident taxation and treaty restrictions"},{"id":"top20-fi-tax-relief-and-reporting","label":"Double-tax relief and foreign-income reporting","text":"Finland generally relieves double taxation through a foreign-tax credit, or exemption where applicable treaty rules require it. Relief has conditions and limits. A separate six-month rule may exempt qualifying foreign-work wages; those wages still need reporting to Finland. That wage exemption is not the six-month domestic residence test.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fi-double-tax-relief","top20-fi-foreign-employment"],"locator":"Double-tax relief guidance sections 1 and 3.1–3.2; Working for a foreign employer: reporting and Foreign-sourced wages may be tax-exempt in Finland"}],"limits":["General information only, not personalised tax advice. Domestic residence, treaty residence, income source and available relief are distinct questions.","The three-year rule is a rebuttable citizenship-linked residence rule, not a universal three-year tax exemption or automatic permanent tax liability on all citizens abroad.","Rates, wealth and inheritance taxes, social contributions, specialist-worker rules, detailed wage-exemption conditions and individual treaty entitlement are outside this baseline."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"590b251138606d4e36688ef85c65fbc9780a9174a72d7151657c06b2979952fa","notes":"Independent source review approved four bounded topics, 26 facts and 23 sources. Every cited authority was opened and the relevant actual text read, including KLRI bodies via their content endpoints and current Korean national-law article bodies. The original mixed-edition KLRI two-column provenance was rejected: corrected sources identify the available December 2025 Act and February 2026 Decree English reference editions, while Korean Act Articles 1-2 and 3 and Decree Articles 2 and 4 effective 1 July 2026 support current residence, counting and income-scope propositions. The newest English version menus/history-only shells were not accepted as substantive proof. Korean naturalisation retains separate five-year qualifying residence and permanent-status conditions, assessment and interview exceptions, ministerial decision, acquisition formalities and qualified renunciation duties. Korean tax residence is not a nationality or calendar-year day-count shortcut; the five-in-ten foreign-source remittance proviso remains limited to foreign nationals, and nonresident source obligations and treaty scope remain qualified. Finland retains eight-year default versus five-year language-compliant residence, permit credits and absence conditions, expressly sourced YKI grade 3/B1 proof, decision-date livelihood assessment, transition and exemption qualifications, and the future 2027 civic-knowledge cohort rather than a current test. Finnish home/stay residence, citizenship-linked departure presumption, foreign-income relief and the separate foreign-wage six-month rule are not conflated. This approves the exact candidate bytes and stated ordinary-route/personal-tax baseline only, not comprehensive legal coverage, individual eligibility, visa evidence, integration or deployment."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/finland/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"top20-fi-adults","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Citizenship application for adults","url":"https://migri.fi/en/citizenship-for-adults","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-residence","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Period of residence: applications from 1 October 2024","url":"https://migri.fi/en/period-of-residence","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-language","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Language skills for Finnish citizenship","url":"https://migri.fi/en/language-skills","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-yki","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Proving language skills with the National Certificate of Language Proficiency (YKI)","url":"https://migri.fi/en/national-certificate-of-language-proficiency-yki-","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-language-exceptions","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Exceptions to the language skills requirement","url":"https://migri.fi/en/exceptions-to-the-language-skills-requirement","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-livelihood","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Means of support: requirements from 17 December 2025","url":"https://migri.fi/en/-/means-of-support-duplicate-1","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-citizenship-faq","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Frequently asked questions: Finnish citizenship and legislative reforms","url":"https://migri.fi/en/faq-finnish-citizenship","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-multiple-citizenship","publisher":"Finnish Immigration Service","title":"Finnish citizenship: multiple citizenship","url":"https://migri.fi/en/finnish-citizenship","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-tax-residence","publisher":"Finnish Tax Administration","title":"Tax residency, nonresidency and residency in accordance with a tax treaty: natural persons","url":"https://www.vero.fi/en/detailed-guidance/guidance/48999/tax-residency-nonresidency-and-residency-in-accordance-with-a-tax-treaty--natural-persons4/","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-three-year-rule","publisher":"Finnish Tax Administration","title":"Finnish citizens and the three-year rule","url":"https://www.vero.fi/en/individuals/tax-cards-and-tax-returns/moving_away_from_finland/finnish_citizens_and_the_3year_rul/","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-nonresident-tax","publisher":"Finnish Tax Administration","title":"Taxation of income received by nonresidents: natural persons","url":"https://www.vero.fi/en/detailed-guidance/guidance/334489/taxation-of-income-received-by-nonresidents-natural-persons/","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-double-tax-relief","publisher":"Finnish Tax Administration","title":"Relief for international double taxation in natural persons' tax assessment","url":"https://www.vero.fi/en/detailed-guidance/guidance/77657/relief-for-international-double-taxation-in-natural-persons-tax-assessment/","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fi-foreign-employment","publisher":"Finnish Tax Administration","title":"Working for a foreign employer","url":"https://www.vero.fi/en/individuals/tax-cards-and-tax-returns/moving_away_from_finland/overseas_work/working-for-a-foreign-employer/","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"FI","providerEntityCode":"FIN","providerEntityName":"Finland","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.948,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"FI","providerEntityCode":"FIN","providerEntityName":"Finland","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":82.3365853658537,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}