{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"FR","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/france","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":null,"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"456ccdc58839a538a9ce8611b8e65a04e43a8c06b87dcfdcc90fc808f61cf6c4","notes":"Independent review of all 13 topics and 67 facts against all 16 cited primary sources, opened by this reviewer. USCIS and Hong Kong Immigration required direct HTTPS retrieval when the browser fetch failed; their substantive eligibility pages were read. Checked residence versus physical-presence cohorts, France's B2 requirement, Portugal's May 2026 transition and unresolved implementing details, and the India Act's ordinary route separately from special CAA provisions. Required and rechecked corrections preserving Ireland's discretionary dependent-young-adult student-residence exception and Singapore's continuous-stay and 183-day tax-concession conditions; Canada's tax-filing wording was also clarified. UAE Articles 8, 9 bis, 11 and 12 bis were checked in both extracted Arabic and rendered PDF pages, and the PDF was independently reached through ICP's current laws-and-legislation listing. Approval of UAE facts is limited to the explicitly dated 20 September 2021 consolidation and does not establish an open application route, later implementing measures or practical obtainability. Tax topics remain baseline individual frameworks, not personal tax calculations. Missing language levels, India renunciation procedure and UAE practical availability remain explicitly unresolved. No visa evidence, statistical indicators, rendering, promotion or deployment is approved by this record. Candidate hash binds this approval to the reviewed text."},{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"a28fc4f92c96cee07851dddf5e06c93043434db573137b9781a98b38deb56826","notes":"Independently opened and read all 13 cited primary authorities for the 21 facts across PT, FR, DE and AE tax topics. Portuguese Articles 15 and 16 support the strictly-more-than-183-day threshold, overnight counting, home alternative, part-year qualifications and nationality-linked listed-jurisdiction departure exception; the candidate does not infer special-regime eligibility. French current guidance supports alternative household/activity/economic-interest criteria, treaty priority, resident and non-resident income scope and individual assessment within mixed-residence couples. Read German EStG section 1, AO sections 8 and 9, and the Finance Ministry treaty guidance; directly fetched AO section 8 after the browser timeout. Independently downloaded and visually inspected printed/PDF page 61 of the 2025 ABC of Taxes, confirming the individual worldwide-income passage and locator. The habitual-abode exception and separate retained-home test are preserved. Downloaded and read all four pages of the FTA-hosted Cabinet Decision 85/2022 and visually inspected pages 1–3: permit definition, 183-day alternative, additional 90-day conditions and treaty-residence separation match. The unofficial English translation is explicitly disclosed; this is not a certified translation review. Also checked the Ministry implementation explanation and current FTA natural-person business page, preserving part-day counting, available-home qualification, turnover versus profit distinction and excluded income categories. No blanket UAE personal-tax exemption or citizenship entitlement is asserted. Candidate schema passed. Approval covers these exact candidate bytes and the selected legal baseline, not personal tax advice, other batches, rendering or deployment."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"FR","topic":"citizenship","title":"France Citizenship Requirements","summary":"French naturalisation by decree normally requires five years of residence. Language evidence, civic examination and integration are separate conditions.","scope":"Adult naturalisation by decree for an applicant living in France; not nationality by marriage, descent or a decision on an exemption.","jurisdiction":"French nationality","routeId":"france-naturalisation-2026","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Ordinary residence period","text":"Five years generally. Defined cases have a two-year period or no minimum; the applicant's main professional and family interests must be in France at the decree.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["fr-naturalisation"],"locator":"Step 1 — place and minimum duration of residence","constraint":{"value":5,"unit":"years","basis":"legal_residence","cohort":"Ordinary adult route; statutory reductions and exemptions separate"}},{"id":"language","label":"French language","text":"The current proof guide requires B2 French, oral and written. Accepted qualifications/tests, accommodations and exemptions must be checked for the applicant's situation.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["fr-language"],"locator":"Nationalité française par décret — level and accepted evidence","language":{"framework":"CEFR","level":"B2","skills":["oral","written"]}},{"id":"civics","label":"Civics and integration","text":"Civic examination, assimilation, professional integration and conduct are assessed separately from the language certificate.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["fr-naturalisation"],"locator":"Step 1 — assimilation, professional integration and conduct"},{"id":"application","label":"Application and decision","text":"Follow the official step-by-step service for evidence, submission, interview and the decree. Meeting a residence period does not guarantee naturalisation.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["fr-naturalisation"],"locator":"Steps 3–8 — dossier, submission, interview and decision"}],"limits":["Different routes and exemptions have separate evidence requirements. A French passport is a later document, not the naturalisation application itself."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"456ccdc58839a538a9ce8611b8e65a04e43a8c06b87dcfdcc90fc808f61cf6c4","notes":"Independent review of all 13 topics and 67 facts against all 16 cited primary sources, opened by this reviewer. USCIS and Hong Kong Immigration required direct HTTPS retrieval when the browser fetch failed; their substantive eligibility pages were read. Checked residence versus physical-presence cohorts, France's B2 requirement, Portugal's May 2026 transition and unresolved implementing details, and the India Act's ordinary route separately from special CAA provisions. Required and rechecked corrections preserving Ireland's discretionary dependent-young-adult student-residence exception and Singapore's continuous-stay and 183-day tax-concession conditions; Canada's tax-filing wording was also clarified. UAE Articles 8, 9 bis, 11 and 12 bis were checked in both extracted Arabic and rendered PDF pages, and the PDF was independently reached through ICP's current laws-and-legislation listing. Approval of UAE facts is limited to the explicitly dated 20 September 2021 consolidation and does not establish an open application route, later implementing measures or practical obtainability. Tax topics remain baseline individual frameworks, not personal tax calculations. Missing language levels, India renunciation procedure and UAE practical availability remain explicitly unresolved. No visa evidence, statistical indicators, rendering, promotion or deployment is approved by this record. Candidate hash binds this approval to the reviewed text."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/france/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"FR","topic":"taxes","title":"France Tax Residence and Foreign Income","summary":"French tax residence depends on home, activity or economic interests, subject to treaties; it is not decided by a passport or a single day count.","scope":"Ordinary individual income-tax residence and income scope; excludes special public-service cases, impatriate relief and a personalised treaty assessment.","jurisdiction":"France: individual income tax","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Alternative residence tests","text":"Domestic residence can follow a French household home, or principal stay where there is no such home; a non-accessory professional activity in France; or the centre of economic interests there. These are alternatives, not cumulative requirements.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fr-residence"],"locator":"Article 4-B criteria in the main guidance"},{"id":"treaties","label":"Treaties can resolve dual residence","text":"Where two countries treat a person as resident, the applicable treaty can supply overriding residence criteria. The relevant treaty must be checked individually; without one, each country's domestic law applies.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fr-residence"],"locator":"Paragraphs following the domestic residence criteria"},{"id":"worldwide","label":"Residents and foreign income","text":"French tax residents are generally within income tax on French and foreign income, subject to international agreements. Foreign income is not automatically outside French reporting merely because it was earned abroad.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fr-resident","top20-fr-scope"],"locator":"Conséquences fiscales si vous êtes fiscalement domicilié en France; resident income scope"},{"id":"nonresident","label":"Non-residents and French income","text":"Non-residents report French-source income taxable in France under the relevant treaty, or domestic law where no treaty applies. Do not turn this into a claim that all French payments are taxed identically.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fr-scope"],"locator":"Si vous êtes non-résident"},{"id":"household","label":"Mixed-residence couples","text":"Residence is determined for each household member. One spouse can be resident while the other is non-resident; household reporting then depends on marital arrangements and treaty rules.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-fr-resident"],"locator":"Le couple mixte"}],"limits":["No universal 183-day safe harbour or nationality-based exemption is asserted.","Rates, wealth or property taxes, social charges, special territorial rules and precise household filing instructions are outside this baseline."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"a28fc4f92c96cee07851dddf5e06c93043434db573137b9781a98b38deb56826","notes":"Independently opened and read all 13 cited primary authorities for the 21 facts across PT, FR, DE and AE tax topics. Portuguese Articles 15 and 16 support the strictly-more-than-183-day threshold, overnight counting, home alternative, part-year qualifications and nationality-linked listed-jurisdiction departure exception; the candidate does not infer special-regime eligibility. French current guidance supports alternative household/activity/economic-interest criteria, treaty priority, resident and non-resident income scope and individual assessment within mixed-residence couples. Read German EStG section 1, AO sections 8 and 9, and the Finance Ministry treaty guidance; directly fetched AO section 8 after the browser timeout. Independently downloaded and visually inspected printed/PDF page 61 of the 2025 ABC of Taxes, confirming the individual worldwide-income passage and locator. The habitual-abode exception and separate retained-home test are preserved. Downloaded and read all four pages of the FTA-hosted Cabinet Decision 85/2022 and visually inspected pages 1–3: permit definition, 183-day alternative, additional 90-day conditions and treaty-residence separation match. The unofficial English translation is explicitly disclosed; this is not a certified translation review. Also checked the Ministry implementation explanation and current FTA natural-person business page, preserving part-day counting, available-home qualification, turnover versus profit distinction and excluded income categories. No blanket UAE personal-tax exemption or citizenship entitlement is asserted. Candidate schema passed. Approval covers these exact candidate bytes and the selected legal baseline, not personal tax advice, other batches, rendering or deployment."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/france/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"fr-naturalisation","publisher":"French Republic — Service Public","title":"Naturalisation française par décret","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2213","language":"fr","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"fr-language","publisher":"French Republic — Service Public","title":"Proof of French-language level for nationality","url":"https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F11926","language":"fr","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fr-residence","publisher":"Direction générale des Finances publiques","title":"Suis-je non-résident fiscal?","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/suis-je-bien-non-resident","language":"fr","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fr-resident","publisher":"Direction générale des Finances publiques","title":"Résident de France","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/resident-de-france","language":"fr","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-fr-scope","publisher":"Direction générale des Finances publiques","title":"Ce qui est imposé en France","url":"https://www.impots.gouv.fr/particulier/ce-qui-est-impose-en-france","language":"fr","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"FR","providerEntityCode":"FRA","providerEntityName":"France","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.92,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"FR","providerEntityCode":"FRA","providerEntityName":"France","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":82.9804878048781,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}