{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"GR","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/greece","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"bf4ef58f642ea8ac677fbe77a12d4e107e5d5b25e4c35304c3fa8eaba492edb1","notes":"Independently read all eight cited sources' operative text and the research notes. The current Ministry naturalisation hub links the exact January 2026 requirements and November 2024 application guides. Confirmed qualifying titles, consecutive seven/three/twelve-year distinctions, specified parent and spouse cohorts, B1-analogous four-skill PEGP requirement, educational exemptions, oral assessment limited to the age cohort or qualifying disability/learning-difficulty cases, income and integration qualifications, and oath deadline. Rechecked the author's two requested scope corrections against the 2026 guide and Code Article 7(3). The September 2025 Code is expressly informational, and only the narrow dual-nationality statement is used from the old consular page, not its obsolete residence guidance. AADE supports the separate connection and presence tests, private-visit exception, defined Greek officials abroad, worldwide/source distinctions, treaty conditions and capped foreign credit. Approval preserves these edition and individual-case limitations; it does not certify omitted special regimes or fixed current income thresholds. Exact hash, schemas, author/reviewer independence and 90-day recheck interval verified."},"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"bf4ef58f642ea8ac677fbe77a12d4e107e5d5b25e4c35304c3fa8eaba492edb1","notes":"Independently read all eight cited sources' operative text and the research notes. The current Ministry naturalisation hub links the exact January 2026 requirements and November 2024 application guides. Confirmed qualifying titles, consecutive seven/three/twelve-year distinctions, specified parent and spouse cohorts, B1-analogous four-skill PEGP requirement, educational exemptions, oral assessment limited to the age cohort or qualifying disability/learning-difficulty cases, income and integration qualifications, and oath deadline. Rechecked the author's two requested scope corrections against the 2026 guide and Code Article 7(3). The September 2025 Code is expressly informational, and only the narrow dual-nationality statement is used from the old consular page, not its obsolete residence guidance. AADE supports the separate connection and presence tests, private-visit exception, defined Greek officials abroad, worldwide/source distinctions, treaty conditions and capped foreign credit. Approval preserves these edition and individual-case limitations; it does not certify omitted special regimes or fixed current income thresholds. Exact hash, schemas, author/reviewer independence and 90-day recheck interval verified."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"GR","topic":"citizenship","title":"Greek citizenship by naturalisation","summary":"Ordinary naturalisation combines qualifying residence with language, civic knowledge and economic/social integration. Seven years is the main residence period, not a guarantee of citizenship or a processing estimate.","scope":"Adult naturalisation for people without Greek ancestry living lawfully in Greece; descent and expatriate ethnic-Greek routes are separate.","jurisdiction":"Greece","routeId":"top20-gr-naturalisation","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Residence period depends on status","text":"The main rule is seven consecutive lawful years with an accepted residence title. Other valid titles generally require twelve; temporary titles are not accepted. EU citizens, stateless people, parents with custody of a Greek-national child born in Greece, and spouses of Greek citizens with a child have a three-year route. Birth with continuous residence in Greece and specified diplomatic-spouse cases have further exceptions. A residence investment is not automatic citizenship.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-requirements"],"locator":"Pages 1–2: accepted titles, seven-year rule, three-year cohorts and special cases","constraint":{"value":7,"unit":"years","basis":"legal_residence","cohort":"Ordinary applicant holding a listed accepted residence title; consecutive lawful years before application, excluding reduced or exceptional cohorts"}},{"id":"personal-conditions","label":"Personal and status conditions","text":"Applicants must be adults and satisfy the criminal-record, lawful-status and public-order/security conditions. Deportation or unresolved lawful-stay status can prevent approval. Time as a foreign diplomatic or administrative official does not count toward the residence period.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-code"],"locator":"Articles 5(1)(a)–(d), 5B and 7(5)"},{"id":"language","label":"Greek language and civic knowledge","text":"The PEGP examination assesses understanding and production of spoken and written Greek at a level analogous to B1, alongside geography, history, culture and political institutions. Obtain the knowledge certificate before applying unless an educational exemption applies; a residence permit's language requirement is not a substitute.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-exam-rules","top20-gr-application"],"locator":"Decision 10787 Article 1, page 2; application guide page 1, prerequisite","language":{"framework":"PEGP examination: official B1-equivalent description","level":"Analogous to B1","skills":["spoken comprehension","spoken production","written comprehension","written production"]}},{"id":"test-adaptations","label":"Educational exemptions and oral assessment","text":"Specified Greek-school completion or Greek-language Greek-university qualifications exempt applicants from PEGP. The age-62 cohort, applicants with KEPA-certified disability of at least 67%, and applicants with qualifying diagnosed learning difficulties preventing a written test can use a special oral examination instead; this is not a blanket exemption from knowledge requirements. Documentation and the exam authority's age-calculation rules apply.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-application","top20-gr-exam-rules","top20-gr-code"],"locator":"Application guide page 1: nine school grades, six secondary grades and university alternatives; Code Article 7(3)–(4); Decision 10787 Article 2, page 4: age counted by birth year and disability documents"},{"id":"integration","label":"Income and integration evidence","text":"Economic integration includes adequate income and tax/social-insurance compliance. Evidence normally covers at least five years for the seven-year route, three for the three-year route, and seven for the twelve-year route. Household and disability provisions qualify the income assessment; stable social ties must also be demonstrated.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-requirements"],"locator":"Pages 3–4: economic/social integration, evidence periods, spouse income and disability qualification; no fixed current income amount inferred from the historical table"},{"id":"application-and-oath","label":"Application and completion","text":"Apply to the regional Citizenship Directorate for the place of residence with the prescribed documents. Following approval, citizenship is acquired by taking the oath within one year of publication; missing that deadline revokes the decision. Physical-disability accommodations can allow an oath at home or by video.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-application","top20-gr-code"],"locator":"Application guide page 1; Code Article 9(1), (3) and (5)"},{"id":"dual-nationality","label":"Keeping an existing nationality","text":"Greek consular guidance says Greece accepts dual nationality. This does not establish whether another country lets the applicant retain its citizenship, or resolve an individual's military, renunciation or nationality-loss obligations.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-dual-nationality"],"locator":"Final section for non-ethnic-Greek applicants, point A; not the page's outdated residence period"}],"limits":["General information, not individual eligibility advice. The Ministry's January 2026 requirements guide supplies current residence cohorts; its historical income table is not a current universal threshold.","The Ministry labels its September 2025 Code consolidation informational. The consular dual-nationality source also contains obsolete residence guidance, which is not used here. Check the responsible Directorate and current examination instructions for the exact application and any later amendments."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"bf4ef58f642ea8ac677fbe77a12d4e107e5d5b25e4c35304c3fa8eaba492edb1","notes":"Independently read all eight cited sources' operative text and the research notes. The current Ministry naturalisation hub links the exact January 2026 requirements and November 2024 application guides. Confirmed qualifying titles, consecutive seven/three/twelve-year distinctions, specified parent and spouse cohorts, B1-analogous four-skill PEGP requirement, educational exemptions, oral assessment limited to the age cohort or qualifying disability/learning-difficulty cases, income and integration qualifications, and oath deadline. Rechecked the author's two requested scope corrections against the 2026 guide and Code Article 7(3). The September 2025 Code is expressly informational, and only the narrow dual-nationality statement is used from the old consular page, not its obsolete residence guidance. AADE supports the separate connection and presence tests, private-visit exception, defined Greek officials abroad, worldwide/source distinctions, treaty conditions and capped foreign credit. Approval preserves these edition and individual-case limitations; it does not certify omitted special regimes or fixed current income thresholds. Exact hash, schemas, author/reviewer independence and 90-day recheck interval verified."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/greece/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"GR","topic":"taxes","title":"Greece personal tax context","summary":"Greek tax residence depends on personal connections and presence, not a passport alone. Residents generally have worldwide-income obligations; nonresidents can still owe tax on Greek-source income, subject to applicable treaties.","scope":"Baseline personal income taxation; not eligibility for special incoming-resident regimes, tax-rate calculations, social contributions or property-tax advice.","jurisdiction":"Greece","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Home, vital interests and presence","text":"A permanent/principal residence, habitual abode or centre of vital interests can establish Greek residence. More than 183 cumulative days in any twelve months also normally establishes residence from the first day. The day test has an exception for exclusively tourist, medical or similar private stays not exceeding 365 days, including short absences; it does not erase the separate connection tests.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-tax-residence"],"locator":"Tax residency criteria, Article 4 ITC: connection tests and twelve-month presence rule"},{"id":"officials-abroad","label":"Specified Greek officials abroad","text":"Greek-national consular, diplomatic and equivalent public officials or civil servants working abroad are separately treated as Greek tax residents. This is a defined official-service rule, not a general worldwide-tax rule for every Greek passport holder abroad.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-tax-residence"],"locator":"Tax residency criteria, Article 4 ITC, point (b)"},{"id":"worldwide-and-relief","label":"Foreign income and relief","text":"Residents are generally taxed on taxable worldwide income. Applicable treaties govern allocation of taxing rights. Foreign income tax can be credited, subject to conditions and a cap equal to Greek tax attributable to that income; treaty documentation and income classification matter. This is not an automatic exemption for overseas earnings.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-tax-foreign"],"locator":"Article 3 worldwide scope; treaty application and Greek residence certificate; Foreign tax credit, Article 9 cap"},{"id":"nonresident","label":"Greek-source income remains relevant","text":"Nonresidents are taxable on relevant Greek-source income, including Greek work, property and specified business, pension or investment income. Treaty benefits require checking the agreement and providing a residence certificate. Nonresident treatment is not blanket tax exemption; deductions and presumptive-income rules can differ from those for residents.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-gr-tax-nonresident"],"locator":"Opening Article 3 rule; Greek sourced income under Article 5; treaty certificate and Important Note qualifications"}],"limits":["General information only. AADE or a qualified adviser must assess actual residence, income source, treaty relief and filing duties. No special tax regime, personal liability or exemption is established by this profile."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"bf4ef58f642ea8ac677fbe77a12d4e107e5d5b25e4c35304c3fa8eaba492edb1","notes":"Independently read all eight cited sources' operative text and the research notes. The current Ministry naturalisation hub links the exact January 2026 requirements and November 2024 application guides. Confirmed qualifying titles, consecutive seven/three/twelve-year distinctions, specified parent and spouse cohorts, B1-analogous four-skill PEGP requirement, educational exemptions, oral assessment limited to the age cohort or qualifying disability/learning-difficulty cases, income and integration qualifications, and oath deadline. Rechecked the author's two requested scope corrections against the 2026 guide and Code Article 7(3). The September 2025 Code is expressly informational, and only the narrow dual-nationality statement is used from the old consular page, not its obsolete residence guidance. AADE supports the separate connection and presence tests, private-visit exception, defined Greek officials abroad, worldwide/source distinctions, treaty conditions and capped foreign credit. Approval preserves these edition and individual-case limitations; it does not certify omitted special regimes or fixed current income thresholds. Exact hash, schemas, author/reviewer independence and 90-day recheck interval verified."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/greece/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"top20-gr-requirements","publisher":"Greece Ministry of Interior, General Secretariat of Citizenship","title":"Naturalisation requirements, updated 30 January 2026","url":"https://www.ypes.gr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Proypotheseis20260130.pdf","language":"el","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-application","publisher":"Greece Ministry of Interior, General Secretariat of Citizenship","title":"Application and supporting documents, updated 27 November 2024","url":"https://www.ypes.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/202411-Dikaiologitika-20241127.pdf","language":"el","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-code","publisher":"Greece Ministry of Interior; consolidation supplied by NOMOS","title":"Greek Citizenship Code: informational consolidation through 17 September 2025","url":"https://www.ypes.gr/kodikas-ellinikis-ithageneias/","language":"el","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-exam-rules","publisher":"Greece Ministry of Interior, General Secretariat of Citizenship","title":"Decision 10787 of 26 February 2025: naturalisation knowledge examination","url":"https://www.ypes.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/apof10787-20250226.pdf","language":"el","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-dual-nationality","publisher":"Greece Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Embassy in Japan","title":"Greek citizenship: consular guidance on dual nationality","url":"https://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/japan/other-services/ellenike-ithageneia.html","language":"el","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-tax-residence","publisher":"Greece Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE)","title":"Tax residence for natural persons (ITC)","url":"https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-residence-natural-persons-itc","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-tax-foreign","publisher":"Greece Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE)","title":"Taxation of foreign-source income obtained by Greek tax residents","url":"https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/taxation-non-greek-sourced-income-obtained-greek-tax-residents-pit","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-gr-tax-nonresident","publisher":"Greece Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE)","title":"Taxation of Greek-source income obtained by nonresidents","url":"https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/taxation-greek-sourced-income-obtained-non-residents-pit","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"GR","providerEntityCode":"GRC","providerEntityName":"Greece","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.908,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"GR","providerEntityCode":"GRC","providerEntityName":"Greece","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":81.8390243902439,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}