{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"HU","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/hungary","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"39a138442f239970df4db86a298bc86e3fc0b66b91cb6250e5c54fcf3981d11e","notes":"Independently read the relevant actual content of all 13 primary sources for all six topics and 30 facts, plus currentness cross-checks recorded in the notes. Corrected only Hungary's clean-record wording to preserve assessment under Hungarian law and pending proceedings before a Hungarian court. Confirmed ordinary-route scope, Poland's language-evidence transition, Slovenia's current guidance alongside archived Article 10 and the 2017 Article 13 amendment, A2–B1 basic-exam mapping, statutory exemptions, and resident/source/foreign-income/treaty distinctions. Slovenia's FURS guide is explicitly the live-linked August 2025 edition; unresolved detailed absence calculations and individual treaty outcomes remain outside scope. Approval binds only these corrected candidate bytes."},"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"39a138442f239970df4db86a298bc86e3fc0b66b91cb6250e5c54fcf3981d11e","notes":"Independently read the relevant actual content of all 13 primary sources for all six topics and 30 facts, plus currentness cross-checks recorded in the notes. Corrected only Hungary's clean-record wording to preserve assessment under Hungarian law and pending proceedings before a Hungarian court. Confirmed ordinary-route scope, Poland's language-evidence transition, Slovenia's current guidance alongside archived Article 10 and the 2017 Article 13 amendment, A2–B1 basic-exam mapping, statutory exemptions, and resident/source/foreign-income/treaty distinctions. Slovenia's FURS guide is explicitly the live-linked August 2025 edition; unresolved detailed absence calculations and individual treaty outcomes remain outside scope. Approval binds only these corrected candidate bytes."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"HU","topic":"citizenship","title":"Hungary: ordinary naturalisation","summary":"Ordinary naturalisation normally requires eight continuous years of qualifying Hungarian residence, language and constitutional knowledge, and personal and financial conditions. Shorter special routes are separate.","scope":"Ordinary adult naturalisation under section 4(1), not ancestry, marriage, refugee, statelessness, reacquisition or discretionary national-interest routes.","jurisdiction":"Hungary","routeId":"hu-ordinary-naturalisation","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"top20-hu-residence","label":"Eight years of qualifying residence","text":"The ordinary route requires eight continuous years living in Hungary before applying. Section 23 counts residence from address registration for people with long-term residence rights, recognised refugee or subsidiary-protection status, or exercised free-movement residence rights with the required notification. This is not eight years on any temporary permit.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["top20-hu-citizenship-law"],"locator":"Sections 4(1)(a) and 23(1)","constraint":{"value":8,"unit":"years","basis":"legal_residence","cohort":"Ordinary section 4(1) applicants; qualifying status and registered address under section 23, with continuous residence before application"}},{"id":"top20-hu-language-civics","label":"Hungarian and constitutional knowledge","text":"Applicants must pass the constitutional-basics examination in Hungarian, or qualify for a statutory examination exemption and prove Hungarian-language knowledge. The current statute does not assign a CEFR level to this ordinary-route requirement.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["top20-hu-citizenship-law"],"locator":"Section 4(1)(e), read with section 4/A"},{"id":"top20-hu-test-exceptions","label":"Examination and language exceptions differ","text":"Examination exemptions cover specified restricted legal-capacity or incapacity categories, Hungarian-medium educational qualifications, applicants aged at least 60 when applying, and proven lasting, irreversible health deterioration preventing examination. These are not automatically language exemptions: section 4(8) separately permits waiver of language proof for legally incapacitated applicants.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-citizenship-law"],"locator":"Sections 4(8) and 4/A(2)(a)–(d)"},{"id":"top20-hu-other-conditions","label":"Conduct, support and acquisition","text":"Applicants need subsistence and housing in Hungary, must meet the clean-record requirement under Hungarian law and have no criminal proceedings pending before a Hungarian court at decision, and must present no public-security or national-security harm. The President decides on the minister's proposal. Citizenship normally takes effect on taking the oath or equivalent pledge; the statute provides incapacity-related arrangements.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-citizenship-law"],"locator":"Sections 4(1)(b)–(d), 6(1) and 7"},{"id":"top20-hu-dual-nationality","label":"Dual nationality and security restrictions","text":"Hungarian law permits dual nationality. Retention is not unconditional: sections 9/A–9/B allow proportionate security-based suspension for a defined Hungarian/non-EEA dual-national cohort without another EEA-equivalent nationality; the definition also treats EU candidate-country nationality as equivalent. The other country's retention rules still require separate checking.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-dual","top20-hu-citizenship-law"],"locator":"Consular General information, point 4; Act sections 2(2), 9/A and 9/B(1)–(3)"}],"limits":["Shorter and simplified statutory routes are not the ordinary eight-year baseline. No fixed annual physical-presence or permitted-absence allowance is asserted here.","Meeting these conditions does not guarantee a grant. Language proof, qualifying residence and exemption evidence require individual assessment."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"39a138442f239970df4db86a298bc86e3fc0b66b91cb6250e5c54fcf3981d11e","notes":"Independently read the relevant actual content of all 13 primary sources for all six topics and 30 facts, plus currentness cross-checks recorded in the notes. Corrected only Hungary's clean-record wording to preserve assessment under Hungarian law and pending proceedings before a Hungarian court. Confirmed ordinary-route scope, Poland's language-evidence transition, Slovenia's current guidance alongside archived Article 10 and the 2017 Article 13 amendment, A2–B1 basic-exam mapping, statutory exemptions, and resident/source/foreign-income/treaty distinctions. Slovenia's FURS guide is explicitly the live-linked August 2025 edition; unresolved detailed absence calculations and individual treaty outcomes remain outside scope. Approval binds only these corrected candidate bytes."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/hungary/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"HU","topic":"taxes","title":"Hungary: individual tax residence and scope","summary":"Hungarian personal tax residence uses nationality, immigration status and residential ties as well as a cohort-specific day test. Residents generally face worldwide taxation; treaties and income-source rules matter.","scope":"Baseline adult personal income-tax residence and cross-border scope, excluding rates, social contributions, special incentives and minor-child residence exceptions.","jurisdiction":"Hungary","facts":[{"id":"top20-hu-tax-nationality-status","label":"Nationality and status tests","text":"Hungarian citizens are residents under domestic law, except dual citizens with neither a registered Hungarian domicile nor registered place of stay; other residence tests can still apply. Third-country nationals with long-term residence rights and stateless individuals are also statutory resident categories, subject to the Act's specific exceptions.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-income-tax-law"],"locator":"Section 3, definitions 2(a), 2(c) and 3"},{"id":"top20-hu-tax-days","label":"A cohort-specific 183-day test","text":"People exercising free-movement rights for stays exceeding three months are domestic residents if present for at least 183 days in the calendar year. Arrival and departure days each count as whole days. This is not a universal day-only test for every individual.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-income-tax-law"],"locator":"Section 3, definition 2(b)"},{"id":"top20-hu-tax-home","label":"Home and personal ties","text":"For other individuals, residence follows a sole permanent home in Hungary; with homes in several countries or none, the centre of vital interests; and, if that centre cannot be determined, habitual abode. Closest personal, family and economic ties matter. A merely temporary absence does not change a permanent home.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-income-tax-law"],"locator":"Section 3, definition 2(d) and its concluding permanent-home and vital-interest definitions"},{"id":"top20-hu-tax-scope","label":"Worldwide and source-based liability","text":"Residents are generally taxed on worldwide income. Non-residents are liable only for Hungarian-source income or income otherwise taxable in Hungary under a treaty or reciprocity. Source depends on the income category, including property location and where employment is normally performed, not simply the receiving bank account.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-income-tax-law","top20-hu-tax-summary"],"locator":"Act section 2(4), section 3 definition 4(c)–(d); NAV summary page 1"},{"id":"top20-hu-tax-treaties","label":"Treaties and foreign-tax relief","text":"Applicable treaties prevail over conflicting domestic provisions. Foreign-source income in the consolidated tax base can qualify for a limited foreign-income-tax credit under section 32 unless the treaty provides otherwise; refundable foreign tax is excluded. Neither a foreign payment nor tax paid abroad establishes automatic Hungarian exemption.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-hu-income-tax-law"],"locator":"Sections 2(5) and 32(1)"}],"limits":["This is a residence-and-scope baseline, not a flat-rate tax comparison or an individual treaty determination.","The special section 3 definition 3 exception cross-refers to a minor-child long-term-residence cohort and is outside this adult profile. Other specific exemptions and income-category rules require separate checking."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"39a138442f239970df4db86a298bc86e3fc0b66b91cb6250e5c54fcf3981d11e","notes":"Independently read the relevant actual content of all 13 primary sources for all six topics and 30 facts, plus currentness cross-checks recorded in the notes. Corrected only Hungary's clean-record wording to preserve assessment under Hungarian law and pending proceedings before a Hungarian court. Confirmed ordinary-route scope, Poland's language-evidence transition, Slovenia's current guidance alongside archived Article 10 and the 2017 Article 13 amendment, A2–B1 basic-exam mapping, statutory exemptions, and resident/source/foreign-income/treaty distinctions. Slovenia's FURS guide is explicitly the live-linked August 2025 edition; unresolved detailed absence calculations and individual treaty outcomes remain outside scope. Approval binds only these corrected candidate bytes."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/hungary/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"top20-hu-citizenship-law","publisher":"Hungary, National Legislation Database","title":"Act LV of 1993 on Hungarian citizenship, current consolidated text","url":"https://njt.jog.gov.hu/jogszabaly/1993-55-00-00","language":"hu","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-hu-dual","publisher":"Consulate General of Hungary, Los Angeles","title":"Hungarian citizenship","url":"https://losangeles.mfa.gov.hu/en/hungarian-citizenship","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-hu-income-tax-law","publisher":"Hungary, National Legislation Database","title":"Act CXVII of 1995 on personal income tax, consolidation dated 31 August 2026","url":"https://njt.jog.gov.hu/jogszabaly/1995-117-00-00","language":"hu","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-hu-tax-summary","publisher":"National Tax and Customs Administration of Hungary","title":"A short summary on the taxation of private persons, August 2026","url":"https://nav.gov.hu/pfile/file?path=/en/taxation/taxinfo/a-short-summary-on-the-taxation-of-private-persons","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"HU","providerEntityCode":"HUN","providerEntityName":"Hungary","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.87,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"HU","providerEntityCode":"HUN","providerEntityName":"Hungary","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":76.7243902439025,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}