{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"SE","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/sweden","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"cd5a057f7a9c70dfaa3bc761f9f725c3722f26588dbc0129b0bb0f04d8c3a45c","notes":"Independently opened and read all seven cited Swedish Migration Agency and Swedish Tax Agency sources. Verified the eight-year ordinary habitual-residence baseline and immediate application of the 6 June 2026 amendments to undecided earlier applications; excluded permit periods, doctoral-study qualification and absence deductions; the 12 July temporary-permit exceptions, generally applicable long-term prospects condition and need for a valid permit. The detailed authority expressly supports CEFR B1 reading/listening and A2 speaking/writing, knowledge exemptions, society knowledge and the separate Swedish-language citizenship test expected no earlier than autumn 2027. Own-income maintenance, exceptions, identity, conduct and multiple nationality are supported within the selected adult-route scope. Tax evidence supports residence/regular-stay/significant-ties alternatives, worldwide income subject to domestic and treaty relief, the five-year evidential burden for specified emigrants without an automatic end to liability, and limited-liability/SINK procedures. The SINK page mixes a current rate-change notice and older rate text; the candidate correctly imports no rate. No candidate edits or publication changes were made. Approval is limited to these two topics and the exact recorded SHA-256, not individual eligibility, treaty entitlement or processing outcomes."},"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"cd5a057f7a9c70dfaa3bc761f9f725c3722f26588dbc0129b0bb0f04d8c3a45c","notes":"Independently opened and read all seven cited Swedish Migration Agency and Swedish Tax Agency sources. Verified the eight-year ordinary habitual-residence baseline and immediate application of the 6 June 2026 amendments to undecided earlier applications; excluded permit periods, doctoral-study qualification and absence deductions; the 12 July temporary-permit exceptions, generally applicable long-term prospects condition and need for a valid permit. The detailed authority expressly supports CEFR B1 reading/listening and A2 speaking/writing, knowledge exemptions, society knowledge and the separate Swedish-language citizenship test expected no earlier than autumn 2027. Own-income maintenance, exceptions, identity, conduct and multiple nationality are supported within the selected adult-route scope. Tax evidence supports residence/regular-stay/significant-ties alternatives, worldwide income subject to domestic and treaty relief, the five-year evidential burden for specified emigrants without an automatic end to liability, and limited-liability/SINK procedures. The SINK page mixes a current rate-change notice and older rate text; the candidate correctly imports no rate. No candidate edits or publication changes were made. Approval is limited to these two topics and the exact recorded SHA-256, not individual eligibility, treaty entitlement or processing outcomes."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"SE","topic":"citizenship","title":"Sweden Citizenship Requirements","summary":"Sweden's ordinary adult citizenship requirements changed in June 2026: eight years is the general residence baseline, alongside knowledge, support and conduct requirements.","scope":"Selected ordinary adult citizenship-by-application conditions after the June and July 2026 changes; not Nordic notification, child or special shortened routes.","jurisdiction":"Sweden: Swedish citizenship","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Eight years is the current general rule","text":"The general baseline is eight continuous years of habitual residence. The June 2026 changes also apply to undecided earlier applications. Nordic, family, refugee, stateless and other specified cases have different requirements; the shortest exception is not the ordinary baseline.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-citizenship-overview"],"locator":"Requirements following 6 June 2026; how long must you have lived in Sweden","constraint":{"value":8,"unit":"years","basis":"legal_residence","cohort":"Ordinary habitual-residence baseline after 6 June 2026; qualifying residence and exceptions apply"},"effectiveFrom":"2026-06-06"},{"id":"residence-credit","label":"Qualifying residence and absences","text":"Visitor, ordinary study and au-pair time generally do not count; qualifying doctoral study can. If absence exceeds six weeks in a year, all time abroad that year is deducted. Settling abroad ends the continuous period.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-citizenship-details"],"locator":"Habitual residence: permits not included; doctoral study; travel abroad"},{"id":"status","label":"Residence status and July exceptions","text":"Permanent residence or an accepted residence right/status is normally required. From 12 July, specified temporary-permit holders can qualify, including protection and associated family categories, generally with well-founded long-term prospects. A valid permit is still needed; an extension application alone is insufficient for this exception.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-permit-exemptions","top20-se-citizenship-overview"],"locator":"Listed temporary permits; long-term prospects; application requirements","effectiveFrom":"2026-07-12"},{"id":"language-receptive","label":"B1 reading and listening","text":"For the knowledge requirement, ordinarily applying from ages 16–66, reading and listening are CEFR B1. Approved qualifications can establish competence; Nordic and specified stateless applicants and individual disability-related cases have exemptions.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-citizenship-details"],"locator":"Knowledge requirement: ages, exemptions and recognised Swedish qualifications","language":{"framework":"CEFR","level":"B1","skills":["reading","listening"]}},{"id":"language-productive","label":"A2 speaking and writing","text":"Speaking and writing are CEFR A2, not B1. Swedish-society knowledge is also required. The separate Swedish-language citizenship test is not expected before autumn 2027; current applicants use recognised education or accepted proficiency tests instead.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-citizenship-details"],"locator":"Recognised language qualifications; society knowledge; citizenship-test transition","language":{"framework":"CEFR","level":"A2","skills":["speaking","writing"]}},{"id":"support","label":"Own income, with exemptions","text":"The maintenance rule generally requires sustainable employment or self-employment income of at least three income base amounts annually, not combined partner income. Specified pensioners, successful full-time students and disability cases can be exempt; disallowed benefits and past social assistance also matter.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-citizenship-overview"],"locator":"Support yourself; income that does not count; exemptions"},{"id":"identity-conduct","label":"Identity and conduct assessment","text":"Identity documents and personal appearance support identity verification. Conduct inside and outside Sweden, debts and offences are assessed; waiting periods can apply after debts or sentences are resolved. Approval remains individual.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-citizenship-overview"],"locator":"Identity verification; orderly and respectable life; debts and criminal offences"},{"id":"dual-nationality","label":"Sweden allows multiple citizenship","text":"Swedish law permits retaining earlier citizenship when becoming Swedish, but the other nationality's law may cause loss or impose restrictions. Swedish permission does not settle the other country's rules.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-dual-nationality"],"locator":"Dual and multiple citizenship"}],"limits":["Habitual residence is not simply time holding any permit, and an eligibility period is not a processing estimate.","This captures the reviewed 2026 rules, not the older five-year/no-language baseline. Exam availability, exemptions and each applicant's permit history require current authority confirmation."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"cd5a057f7a9c70dfaa3bc761f9f725c3722f26588dbc0129b0bb0f04d8c3a45c","notes":"Independently opened and read all seven cited Swedish Migration Agency and Swedish Tax Agency sources. Verified the eight-year ordinary habitual-residence baseline and immediate application of the 6 June 2026 amendments to undecided earlier applications; excluded permit periods, doctoral-study qualification and absence deductions; the 12 July temporary-permit exceptions, generally applicable long-term prospects condition and need for a valid permit. The detailed authority expressly supports CEFR B1 reading/listening and A2 speaking/writing, knowledge exemptions, society knowledge and the separate Swedish-language citizenship test expected no earlier than autumn 2027. Own-income maintenance, exceptions, identity, conduct and multiple nationality are supported within the selected adult-route scope. Tax evidence supports residence/regular-stay/significant-ties alternatives, worldwide income subject to domestic and treaty relief, the five-year evidential burden for specified emigrants without an automatic end to liability, and limited-liability/SINK procedures. The SINK page mixes a current rate-change notice and older rate text; the candidate correctly imports no rate. No candidate edits or publication changes were made. Approval is limited to these two topics and the exact recorded SHA-256, not individual eligibility, treaty entitlement or processing outcomes."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/sweden/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"SE","topic":"taxes","title":"Sweden Tax Residence and Foreign Income","summary":"Swedish individual tax scope depends on residence, continuing connections and income source. Moving abroad does not necessarily end worldwide-income obligations.","scope":"Baseline individual limited/unlimited tax liability and selected non-resident procedures; not annual rates, treaty advice or a personal exit assessment.","jurisdiction":"Sweden: individual income tax","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Residence, regular stay or significant ties","text":"Unlimited liability can arise from actual residence, a regular stay of six consecutive months or more, or significant connections after leaving. Short visits abroad do not necessarily interrupt a regular stay; fewer than 183 days is not a universal exemption.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-tax-liability"],"locator":"Liability for taxation: three connections and regular stay"},{"id":"worldwide","label":"Worldwide income with relief rules","text":"Unlimited liability generally covers Swedish and foreign income. Domestic exemptions and treaties can reduce taxation, but the authority still requires disclosure of income in applicable returns. Liability and final tax payable are different questions.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-tax-liability"],"locator":"Worldwide income, domestic rules, treaties and disclosure"},{"id":"departure","label":"Five-year evidential rule after departure","text":"Swedish citizens and people resident for at least ten years must establish that close ties have ended during the first five years after departure. Home, family and business connections matter. Continuing ties can sustain residence even after five years; this is not an automatic five-year tax holiday or fixed end date.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-tax-moving"],"locator":"Five years from departure; examples of close ties; treatment after five years"},{"id":"nonresidents","label":"Limited liability still covers specified income","text":"People outside unlimited liability can still owe Swedish tax on specified Swedish income. Eligible non-residents working briefly in Sweden or receiving a Swedish pension may apply for SINK; an authority decision is needed, and ordinary income-tax treatment can be elected instead.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["top20-se-tax-liability","top20-se-tax-sink"],"locator":"Limited taxation; SINK eligibility and decisions; election under Income Tax Act"}],"limits":["This does not calculate SINK, municipal or national rates. The SINK page contains a 2026 rate-change notice alongside older examples; no stale example rate is imported.","Treaty residence, foreign-tax relief, pensions, investment gains and special worker rules require their own assessment. Citizenship alone does not decide all Swedish tax obligations."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/top20_korea_finland","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"cd5a057f7a9c70dfaa3bc761f9f725c3722f26588dbc0129b0bb0f04d8c3a45c","notes":"Independently opened and read all seven cited Swedish Migration Agency and Swedish Tax Agency sources. Verified the eight-year ordinary habitual-residence baseline and immediate application of the 6 June 2026 amendments to undecided earlier applications; excluded permit periods, doctoral-study qualification and absence deductions; the 12 July temporary-permit exceptions, generally applicable long-term prospects condition and need for a valid permit. The detailed authority expressly supports CEFR B1 reading/listening and A2 speaking/writing, knowledge exemptions, society knowledge and the separate Swedish-language citizenship test expected no earlier than autumn 2027. Own-income maintenance, exceptions, identity, conduct and multiple nationality are supported within the selected adult-route scope. Tax evidence supports residence/regular-stay/significant-ties alternatives, worldwide income subject to domestic and treaty relief, the five-year evidential burden for specified emigrants without an automatic end to liability, and limited-liability/SINK procedures. The SINK page mixes a current rate-change notice and older rate text; the candidate correctly imports no rate. No candidate edits or publication changes were made. Approval is limited to these two topics and the exact recorded SHA-256, not individual eligibility, treaty entitlement or processing outcomes."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/sweden/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"top20-se-citizenship-overview","publisher":"Swedish Migration Agency","title":"How do you become a Swedish citizen? 17 July 2026","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/about-the-swedish-migration-agency/the-swedish-migration-agency-answers/2026/2026-07-17-how-do-you-become-a-swedish-citizen.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-se-citizenship-details","publisher":"Swedish Migration Agency","title":"Citizenship for adults: important to know","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/you-want-to-apply/swedish-citizenship/citizenship-for-adults/citizenship-for-adults/flikar/important-to-know.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-se-permit-exemptions","publisher":"Swedish Migration Agency","title":"Exemptions from the permanent-residence-permit requirement, 12 July 2026","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/nyheter/news-archive/2026-07-12-exemptions-from-the-requirement-for-a-permanent-residence-permit-to-obtain-swedish-citizenship.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-se-dual-nationality","publisher":"Swedish Migration Agency","title":"What Swedish citizenship means","url":"https://www.migrationsverket.se/en/you-want-to-apply/swedish-citizenship/what-swedish-citizenship-means.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-se-tax-liability","publisher":"Swedish Tax Agency","title":"Liability for taxation","url":"https://www.skatteverket.se/servicelankar/otherlanguages/inenglish/individualsandemployees/workinginsweden/liabilityfortaxation.4.676f4884175c97df41930a7.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-se-tax-moving","publisher":"Swedish Tax Agency","title":"Moving from Sweden","url":"https://www.skatteverket.se/servicelankar/otherlanguages/englishengelska/individualsandemployees/movingfromsweden.4.7be5268414bea064694c58f.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"top20-se-tax-sink","publisher":"Swedish Tax Agency","title":"SINK: special income tax for non-residents","url":"https://www.skatteverket.se/servicelankar/otherlanguages/englishengelska/individualsandemployees/newinswedenandwillbeemployedhere/sinkspecialincometaxforforeignresidents.4.676f4884175c97df4193118.html","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"SE","providerEntityCode":"SWE","providerEntityName":"Sweden","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.959,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"SE","providerEntityCode":"SWE","providerEntityName":"Sweden","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":84.0634146341463,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}