{"schemaVersion":1,"passportCode":"US","passportUrl":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/united-states","scope":"Selected country-topic summaries; not a complete account of citizenship law or personal tax liability. These facts do not change mobility scores.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"456ccdc58839a538a9ce8611b8e65a04e43a8c06b87dcfdcc90fc808f61cf6c4","notes":"Independent review of all 13 topics and 67 facts against all 16 cited primary sources, opened by this reviewer. USCIS and Hong Kong Immigration required direct HTTPS retrieval when the browser fetch failed; their substantive eligibility pages were read. Checked residence versus physical-presence cohorts, France's B2 requirement, Portugal's May 2026 transition and unresolved implementing details, and the India Act's ordinary route separately from special CAA provisions. Required and rechecked corrections preserving Ireland's discretionary dependent-young-adult student-residence exception and Singapore's continuous-stay and 183-day tax-concession conditions; Canada's tax-filing wording was also clarified. UAE Articles 8, 9 bis, 11 and 12 bis were checked in both extracted Arabic and rendered PDF pages, and the PDF was independently reached through ICP's current laws-and-legislation listing. Approval of UAE facts is limited to the explicitly dated 20 September 2021 consolidation and does not establish an open application route, later implementing measures or practical obtainability. Tax topics remain baseline individual frameworks, not personal tax calculations. Missing language levels, India renunciation procedure and UAE practical availability remain explicitly unresolved. No visa evidence, statistical indicators, rendering, promotion or deployment is approved by this record. Candidate hash binds this approval to the reviewed text."},"reviewScope":"A common review is provided only when all topics share one approval. Otherwise consult each topic's review; no collection means no review.","reviews":[{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"456ccdc58839a538a9ce8611b8e65a04e43a8c06b87dcfdcc90fc808f61cf6c4","notes":"Independent review of all 13 topics and 67 facts against all 16 cited primary sources, opened by this reviewer. USCIS and Hong Kong Immigration required direct HTTPS retrieval when the browser fetch failed; their substantive eligibility pages were read. Checked residence versus physical-presence cohorts, France's B2 requirement, Portugal's May 2026 transition and unresolved implementing details, and the India Act's ordinary route separately from special CAA provisions. Required and rechecked corrections preserving Ireland's discretionary dependent-young-adult student-residence exception and Singapore's continuous-stay and 183-day tax-concession conditions; Canada's tax-filing wording was also clarified. UAE Articles 8, 9 bis, 11 and 12 bis were checked in both extracted Arabic and rendered PDF pages, and the PDF was independently reached through ICP's current laws-and-legislation listing. Approval of UAE facts is limited to the explicitly dated 20 September 2021 consolidation and does not establish an open application route, later implementing measures or practical obtainability. Tax topics remain baseline individual frameworks, not personal tax calculations. Missing language levels, India renunciation procedure and UAE practical availability remain explicitly unresolved. No visa evidence, statistical indicators, rendering, promotion or deployment is approved by this record. Candidate hash binds this approval to the reviewed text."}],"coverage":{"citizenship":"reviewed_scope","taxes":"reviewed_scope"},"topics":[{"code":"US","topic":"citizenship","title":"United States Citizenship Requirements","summary":"The ordinary US naturalisation route combines five years as a lawful permanent resident with continuous residence, physical presence, English and civics requirements.","scope":"Ordinary adult five-year lawful-permanent-resident route; marriage, military service and citizenship through parents are separate.","jurisdiction":"United States citizenship","routeId":"united-states-naturalisation-2026","routeType":"naturalisation","facts":[{"id":"residence","label":"Permanent and continuous residence","text":"Age 18 or over, at least five years as a lawful permanent resident, and five years of continuous US residence immediately before filing.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["us-naturalisation"],"locator":"General Eligibility Requirements","constraint":{"value":5,"unit":"years","basis":"permanent_residence","cohort":"Ordinary adult five-year LPR route"}},{"id":"presence","label":"Physical presence is separate","text":"At least 30 months physically in the US within the preceding five years, plus three months in the responsible state or USCIS district.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["us-naturalisation"],"locator":"General Eligibility Requirements — presence and jurisdiction"},{"id":"language","label":"English","text":"Basic reading, writing and speaking are required, with exceptions for qualifying applicants. USCIS does not assign a CEFR level here.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["us-naturalisation"],"locator":"English requirement; exceptions and accommodations"},{"id":"civics","label":"Civics, character and oath","text":"Civics knowledge, good moral character, attachment to constitutional principles and an oath are separate requirements; consult current test and exception guidance.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["us-naturalisation"],"locator":"General Eligibility Requirements"},{"id":"application","label":"Form N-400","text":"Use USCIS Form N-400 and its current instructions after checking which naturalisation route applies.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["us-naturalisation"],"locator":"Form N-400; Additional Resources"}],"limits":["Continuous residence and physical presence are different tests. Absences and exemptions need individual review; this summary is not an approval or processing-time prediction."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"456ccdc58839a538a9ce8611b8e65a04e43a8c06b87dcfdcc90fc808f61cf6c4","notes":"Independent review of all 13 topics and 67 facts against all 16 cited primary sources, opened by this reviewer. USCIS and Hong Kong Immigration required direct HTTPS retrieval when the browser fetch failed; their substantive eligibility pages were read. Checked residence versus physical-presence cohorts, France's B2 requirement, Portugal's May 2026 transition and unresolved implementing details, and the India Act's ordinary route separately from special CAA provisions. Required and rechecked corrections preserving Ireland's discretionary dependent-young-adult student-residence exception and Singapore's continuous-stay and 183-day tax-concession conditions; Canada's tax-filing wording was also clarified. UAE Articles 8, 9 bis, 11 and 12 bis were checked in both extracted Arabic and rendered PDF pages, and the PDF was independently reached through ICP's current laws-and-legislation listing. Approval of UAE facts is limited to the explicitly dated 20 September 2021 consolidation and does not establish an open application route, later implementing measures or practical obtainability. Tax topics remain baseline individual frameworks, not personal tax calculations. Missing language levels, India renunciation procedure and UAE practical availability remain explicitly unresolved. No visa evidence, statistical indicators, rendering, promotion or deployment is approved by this record. Candidate hash binds this approval to the reviewed text."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/united-states/citizenship","disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice or a finding of eligibility. Requirements depend on the route, applicant and filing date. Verify the official instructions before applying."},{"code":"US","topic":"taxes","title":"United States Tax Residence & Foreign Income","summary":"US citizens and resident aliens generally remain within the federal worldwide-income framework while abroad; reliefs and filing obligations need separate checks.","scope":"US federal individual income-tax scope, including citizens abroad and resident/nonresident aliens; not state taxes or a calculation of tax due.","jurisdiction":"United States federal individual taxation","facts":[{"id":"citizens","label":"Citizens living abroad","text":"US citizens and resident aliens abroad generally report taxable worldwide income under the same federal framework as those living in the US.","state":"documented","sourceIds":["us-tax-abroad"],"locator":"Opening paragraphs"},{"id":"residence","label":"Tax residence for non-citizens","text":"The green-card or substantial-presence test can establish resident-alien status. The presence test weights days across three years and has exclusions and exceptions.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["us-tax-residence"],"locator":"Resident aliens; Green card test; Substantial presence test"},{"id":"relief","label":"Relief is not automatic exemption","text":"Foreign earned-income exclusions and foreign tax credits may help eligible taxpayers, but claiming them requires a US return and satisfying the relevant rules.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["us-tax-abroad"],"locator":"Foreign tax benefits"},{"id":"nonresident","label":"Nonresident-alien treatment","text":"Nonresident aliens follow different source-income rules; do not apply the citizen-abroad summary merely because someone visits the US.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["us-tax-residence"],"locator":"Taxation of nonresident aliens"},{"id":"reporting","label":"Foreign accounts and filing","text":"Foreign financial accounts can trigger separate reporting. Check the IRS-linked FBAR rules and filing guidance rather than assuming no tax due means no reporting.","state":"conditional","sourceIds":["us-tax-abroad"],"locator":"Foreign financial accounts; When to file"}],"limits":["No tax rates, filing thresholds, state-tax rules or individual treaty outcomes are calculated here. Multiple citizenship does not merge the tax rules of the countries involved."],"review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-17","recheckBy":"2026-12-16","candidateSha256":"456ccdc58839a538a9ce8611b8e65a04e43a8c06b87dcfdcc90fc808f61cf6c4","notes":"Independent review of all 13 topics and 67 facts against all 16 cited primary sources, opened by this reviewer. USCIS and Hong Kong Immigration required direct HTTPS retrieval when the browser fetch failed; their substantive eligibility pages were read. Checked residence versus physical-presence cohorts, France's B2 requirement, Portugal's May 2026 transition and unresolved implementing details, and the India Act's ordinary route separately from special CAA provisions. Required and rechecked corrections preserving Ireland's discretionary dependent-young-adult student-residence exception and Singapore's continuous-stay and 183-day tax-concession conditions; Canada's tax-filing wording was also clarified. UAE Articles 8, 9 bis, 11 and 12 bis were checked in both extracted Arabic and rendered PDF pages, and the PDF was independently reached through ICP's current laws-and-legislation listing. Approval of UAE facts is limited to the explicitly dated 20 September 2021 consolidation and does not establish an open application route, later implementing measures or practical obtainability. Tax topics remain baseline individual frameworks, not personal tax calculations. Missing language levels, India renunciation procedure and UAE practical availability remain explicitly unresolved. No visa evidence, statistical indicators, rendering, promotion or deployment is approved by this record. Candidate hash binds this approval to the reviewed text."},"url":"https://multipassrank.com/passport/united-states/taxes","disclaimer":"General information, not personal tax advice. Nationality, tax residence and source of income are different questions. Consult the tax authority or a qualified adviser for your circumstances."}],"sources":[{"id":"us-naturalisation","publisher":"US Citizenship and Immigration Services","title":"I am a lawful permanent resident of 5 years","url":"https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/learn-about-citizenship/citizenship-and-naturalization/i-am-a-lawful-permanent-resident-of-5-years","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"us-tax-abroad","publisher":"US Internal Revenue Service","title":"US citizens and resident aliens abroad","url":"https://www.irs.gov/individuals/international-taxpayers/us-citizens-and-resident-aliens-abroad","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"},{"id":"us-tax-residence","publisher":"US Internal Revenue Service","title":"Topic 851: resident and nonresident aliens","url":"https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc851","language":"en","retrievedAt":"2026-09-17"}],"indicators":{"scope":"These describe the publisher's statistical geography, not benefits acquired by holding its passport. Values from different years are not a like-for-like ranking. No combined quality-of-life score is calculated.","review":{"decision":"approved","reviewer":"/root/review_pass412","reviewedAt":"2026-09-22","recheckBy":"2026-12-21","candidateSha256":"39a387a50a2aabd1d22f731ee6cac6f5c5ca947272add45f874774511443a18c","notes":"Independently fetched the exact UNDP CSV, complete World Bank series and geography-registry responses, and parsed them using Ruby standard CSV/JSON rather than the author's parser. All 146 outcomes across 73 geographies match: 140 exact native values with provider names and years, and six explicit source-specific nulls (MC/MO HDI; VA/TW both). All ISO mappings and non-aggregate scopes checked, with absent registry entities explicitly qualified. Verified HDR2025/2023 latest HDI, WDI2024 observations and 2026-07-13 update, source licences, attribution, rounding disclosures and no endorsement. The initial candidate's decoded-text UNDP hash was held; this replacement preserves all independently checked observations, records explicit encodings and matches the independently downloaded original bytes: UNDP 61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117, WDI 19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784, registry d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c. Approval binds only these replacement candidate bytes; historic approvals remain unchanged."},"coverage":"reviewed_scope","observations":[{"code":"US","providerEntityCode":"USA","providerEntityName":"United States","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"hdi","sourceId":"undp-hdr2025","period":"2023","value":0.938,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Human Development Index","unit":"0–1","precision":3,"description":"UNDP's development measure; not a passport or relocation score."},"source":{"id":"undp-hdr2025","publisher":"UNDP","attribution":"UNDP Human Development Report 2025, composite indices time series. Selected observations; display rounded to three decimals. No endorsement implied.","title":"Human Development Index","url":"https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads","dataUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv","licenceUrl":"https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use","licence":"CC BY 3.0 IGO","edition":"Human Development Report 2025","sourceSha256":"61ed82e5b66c88dfca8ff9fac775c63981ecab6a254862af97acacc41c143117","dataEncoding":"windows-1252"}},{"code":"US","providerEntityCode":"USA","providerEntityName":"United States","geographicScope":"Publisher-reported national statistical geography; not every overseas territory or citizen abroad","metric":"life_expectancy","sourceId":"wb-life","period":"2024","value":78.890243902439,"availability":"available","definition":{"label":"Life expectancy at birth","unit":"years","precision":1,"description":"Population-level period estimate; not an individual prediction or healthcare-access rating."},"source":{"id":"wb-life","publisher":"World Bank","attribution":"World Bank: World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN; UN World Population Prospects, national statistical offices and Eurostat. Selected observations; display rounded to one decimal. No endorsement implied.","title":"Life expectancy at birth, total","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN","dataUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?format=json&date=2020:2026&per_page=20000","licenceUrl":"https://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use","licence":"CC BY 4.0 with World Bank additional terms","edition":"World Development Indicators, updated 2026-07-13","sourceSha256":"19be3c9b22cbba7a453233aa0f98f86f0ca1437667a57e91e899d9d43e8a5784","dataEncoding":"utf-8","geographyUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all?format=json&per_page=400","geographySha256":"d29d57f8adf954c5e2a1520a02fb2c7b45575d8db3bd327a9dff47d66914231c"}}]}}