Can these citizenships actually be held together?
A combined passport score is a useful hypothetical. Citizenship law is the constraint: some countries permit multiple nationalities, some make it conditional, and some generally require a choice.
Generally allowed
The reviewed country's law usually lets its citizenship coexist with another. The other country must still agree.
Conditional
The answer changes with acquisition route, age, residence, marriage, an exception, or a required procedure.
Generally restricted
Voluntary foreign naturalisation or adulthood can trigger loss, renunciation, or a nationality-choice requirement.
This is an intentionally small, source-backed first release—not a guessed world map. Unreviewed countries produce no calculator warning yet.
Generally restricts multiple citizenship
3India
Reviewed 2026-08-28Overseas Citizenship of India is a separate immigration status, not Indian citizenship and not a second passport.
- An OCI card provides a lifelong multiple-entry visa and specified benefits, but it does not make its holder an Indian citizen.
- A proposed passport combination containing India and another citizenship may therefore be legally incompatible for many adults.
China
Reviewed 2026-08-28The Nationality Law rejects dual nationality and provides for loss of Chinese nationality in specified cases of voluntary foreign naturalisation.
- Birth, parents' settlement abroad and how another nationality was acquired can change the result.
- A proposed China-plus-another-country combination requires individual nationality-law review.
Singapore
Reviewed 2026-08-28Singapore citizenship procedures require an undertaking acknowledging that dual citizenship is not allowed; age, acquisition route and National Service obligations require individual review.
- Renouncing or losing citizenship before completing National Service can affect the person and family members' later immigration applications.
Permitted only in some circumstances
7Spain
Reviewed 2026-08-30Spain protects dual nationality without renunciation for specified Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea and Portugal; a bilateral convention separately covers France. Other acquisition and retention cases can require renunciation declarations or a timely declaration to conserve Spanish nationality.
- Some Spanish citizens resident abroad must declare their wish to retain Spanish nationality within three years of acquiring or exclusively using another nationality.
- People born and resident abroad to a Spanish parent also born abroad can face a separate conservation deadline after majority or emancipation.
Israel
Reviewed 2026-08-30Israel has official procedures for citizens who already hold another nationality, but ordinary naturalisation of a permanent resident requires relinquishing the other citizenship or proving it will cease after naturalisation.
- Citizenship acquired through return, birth, residence, naturalisation, or grant can engage different rules.
- A mobility combination containing Israel should not be treated as legally attainable without checking the person's acquisition route and the other country's law.
United Arab Emirates
Reviewed 2026-08-31The UAE's 2021 framework allows naturalised people in specified exceptional categories to retain their original nationality, while limiting acquisition to government nomination through rulers' courts, executive councils, or the Cabinet.
- The named cohorts include selected investors, doctors, specialists, inventors, scientists, intellectuals, artists and exceptional talents; meeting a broad professional description does not create an application entitlement.
- This makes a US–UAE combination mathematically valid for travel analysis but generally unrealistic as a conventional second-passport plan.
- Citizenship can be withdrawn if the applicable conditions are breached.
Japan
Reviewed 2026-08-28A Japanese national who voluntarily acquires a foreign nationality loses Japanese nationality; people who hold more than one nationality through other circumstances are subject to choice and notification rules.
- The applicable deadline depends on the person's age and when multiple nationality arose.
- Naturalisation in Japan generally requires the applicant to have no nationality or to lose the prior nationality on naturalisation, subject to a narrow exception.
Netherlands
Reviewed 2026-08-28Naturalising applicants are generally required to renounce another citizenship when possible, with defined exceptions; Dutch citizens may also automatically lose Dutch citizenship when voluntarily acquiring another citizenship unless an exception applies.
- Exceptions include some spouses or registered partners of Dutch citizens and recognized refugees.
- The other country's law can independently cause nationality loss.
Philippines
Reviewed 2026-08-28Republic Act No. 9225 allows natural-born Philippine citizens who acquire foreign citizenship to retain or reacquire Philippine citizenship through the statutory process; it is not a universal route for every foreign national.
- Eligible applicants must complete the prescribed application and oath process.
- The law can permit two or more concurrent citizenships for people within its scope.
Indonesia
Reviewed 2026-08-28Qualifying children may hold limited dual citizenship, but they must choose one nationality after turning 18 or marrying, within the statutory period.
- The limited status applies only to children in categories defined by Indonesia's nationality law.
- Registration, affidavit and passport-use requirements can apply before the choice deadline.
Generally permits multiple citizenship
10United States
Reviewed 2026-08-28A US citizen may acquire another nationality without having to choose between it and US citizenship, although the other country's law still controls whether that nationality can be retained.
- US dual nationals must enter and leave the United States using a US passport.
- Tax, military, registration and consular-protection obligations can still overlap.
United Kingdom
Reviewed 2026-08-28A British citizen can apply for another citizenship and keep British citizenship, subject to the other country's rules.
- British consular assistance may be unavailable while a dual national is in the country of their other nationality.
- British or Irish dual citizens cannot use an ETA to travel to the UK and should carry an eligible passport or entitlement document.
Portugal
Reviewed 2026-08-28Portugal does not require a person to give up another nationality in order to acquire Portuguese nationality, but the other country's law may impose its own loss or renunciation rule.
- Portuguese nationality routes depend on facts such as birth, parentage, residence, family relationship and ties to the Portuguese community.
Germany
Reviewed 2026-08-28Since the 2024 reform, naturalising applicants generally no longer have to give up their previous nationality under German law; the law of the other country still matters.
- Germany's current standard naturalisation residence period is five years when the other requirements are met.
Canada
Reviewed 2026-08-30Canadian law allows a Canadian citizen to take another citizenship and allows a person becoming Canadian to retain another citizenship, although the other country's rules may still cause loss.
- Dual Canadian citizens generally need a valid Canadian passport to board a flight to Canada; Canadian-American dual citizens have a specific US-passport exception.
- Canada's rules do not protect the other citizenship from that country's loss or renunciation law.
Australia
Reviewed 2026-08-30Australia's official citizenship guidance expressly recognizes dual and multiple citizenship; the law of every other country in the combination remains independently relevant.
- An Australian citizen remains subject to Australian law in Australia and to specified Australian laws while overseas.
- Consular assistance can be limited in the country of the person's other nationality.
France
Reviewed 2026-08-30French law does not require a person becoming French to renounce an existing nationality, or a French citizen acquiring another nationality to renounce French nationality.
- A French multiple national is generally treated only as a national of the other country while in that country, which can limit French diplomatic protection.
- A person becoming French declares which existing nationalities they intend to retain or renounce.
Ireland
Reviewed 2026-08-30An Irish citizen does not have to give up Irish citizenship to become a citizen elsewhere, and a person does not have to give up another citizenship to become Irish by naturalisation, birth, or descent.
- The other country's law may still require renunciation or cause automatic loss.
- Irish consular protection can be limited while a dual citizen is in the country of their other nationality.
Italy
Reviewed 2026-08-30Since Law No. 91/1992 took effect, acquiring a foreign citizenship does not ordinarily cause loss of Italian citizenship unless the person formally renounces it, subject to international agreements.
- Citizenship recognition by descent was materially restricted in 2025 for people born abroad who already hold another citizenship.
- Historic loss, reacquisition, descent, and treaty cases require route-specific review.
Brazil
Reviewed 2026-08-30Constitutional Amendment No. 131 of 2023 removed voluntary acquisition of another nationality as an automatic ground for loss; loss now generally requires an express request or judicial cancellation in the defined cases.
- An express loss request cannot be accepted where it would create statelessness.
- Renunciation does not prevent later reacquisition of original Brazilian nationality under the law.
A caution, never a prohibition.
MultiPass Rank will still calculate every selected combination. A warning means only that an official source identifies a retention, loss, renunciation, age, or procedure issue worth checking. It cannot know how a person acquired each citizenship, whether an exception applies, or what a competent authority would decide.
Acquisition is a separate question from retention. The first structured records for descent and residence routes are now available in the citizenship acquisition guide; later passes will extend them without inferring that an unreviewed route is unavailable.